Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures (PNES) are episodes that resemble epileptic seizures but are not caused by electrical disruptions in the brain. Instead, they are often linked to psychological factors such as stress, trauma, or emotional disturbances. In an emergency situation, recognizing PNES and responding appropriately can make a significant difference in the well-being of the person experiencing these seizures. Here are important steps to consider during such an event.

Recognizing Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures

It’s crucial to identify the characteristics of PNES to differentiate them from epileptic seizures. PNES often involve:

• Longer duration: They can last for several minutes or even longer.
• No tongue biting or urinary incontinence: Unlike typical epileptic seizures, individuals with PNES usually do not have these symptoms.
• Responses to stimuli: People experiencing PNES may respond to verbal cues or touch.
• Atypical movements: The body movements may appear more fluid and less rhythmic than in epileptic seizures.

Immediate Steps to Take

When you encounter someone having a suspected psychogenic non-epileptic seizure, the following steps can help ensure their safety:

1. Stay Calm: Your calm demeanor can be reassuring for both the individual and any bystanders.
2. Ensure a Safe Environment: Move any hard or sharp objects away from the person to prevent injuries. If possible, place a soft item, like a jacket, under their head.
3. Telling Them They're Safe: Gently speak to the individual. Let them know they are safe and that they will be okay.
4. Time the Episode: While most episodes resolve on their own, timing them can be helpful for medical professionals later if needed.
5. Stay with Them: It’s important to stay until the episode ends and the individual has fully regained consciousness. Offer support and reassurance as they regain awareness.

When to Call for Medical Help

While PNES episodes are not life-threatening, there are instances when emergency medical services should be called:

• If the episode lasts longer than five minutes.
• If multiple episodes occur in a row without recovery in between.
• If the person is injured during the episode.
• If the individual does not regain awareness after the episode ends.

Aftercare and Follow-Up

Once the episode concludes and the individual is stable, it’s crucial to provide emotional support. Many may feel disoriented or embarrassed after the seizure. Here are some next steps:

• Compassionate Communication: Talk gently about what happened and avoid making them feel ashamed.
• Encourage Professional Help: If the individual hasn’t sought medical help, encourage them to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and management.
• Educate Bystanders: Educate friends and family about PNES to foster a supportive environment that reduces the likelihood of triggers.

Conclusion

Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures can be distressing for both the individual and those witnessing the episode. By responding with understanding and clear-headedness, you can help manage the situation effectively. Recognizing the nature of PNES and acting promptly can ensure the individual receives the care and support they need.