Seizures are neurological events that can vary significantly in severity and type. When a person experiences a seizure, it is crucial to understand how to provide effective first aid to ensure their safety and well-being. This article will guide you through what happens during a seizure and how to intervene appropriately.

A seizure occurs due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. This activity can lead to physical manifestations, including convulsions, loss of consciousness, and unusual sensations. There are various types of seizures, with the most common being tonic-clonic (formerly known as grand mal) seizures, which include dramatic muscle contractions and often result in loss of awareness.

When someone is having a seizure, here are the key steps to take:

1. Stay Calm

It’s important to remain calm. Panic can exacerbate the situation and may frighten others around you. Your composure will help you manage the situation effectively.

2. Ensure Safety

Clear the area around the person of any objects or furniture that could cause injury. If possible, guide the person gently to the ground to prevent a fall. If they are already on the ground, place something soft under their head to cushion it.

3. Time the Seizure

Take note of the start time of the seizure. Most seizures last between 30 seconds and 2 minutes. Timing the duration is important to determine if medical assistance is required. If a seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes, or if another seizure follows immediately, call emergency services.

4. Do Not Restrain

Avoid holding the person down or trying to restrain their movements. This could lead to injury for both the person having the seizure and the bystander.

5. Protect Their Head

If the person is convulsing, use clothing or a pillow to shield their head from injury. Always prioritize minimizing potential harm during the episode.

6. Do Not Put Anything in Their Mouth

Contrary to popular belief, do not place anything in the person’s mouth during a seizure. This can cause choking or dental injuries. Instead, simply let the seizure take its course.

7. After the Seizure

Once the seizure ends, help the person turn onto their side if they are not already in that position. This helps keep their airway clear and reduces the risk of choking. Remain with them, as they may be confused or disoriented during the postictal state, which can last several minutes.

8. Provide Comfort

Reassure the person as they regain awareness. They may feel tired or disoriented, so creating a calm environment is beneficial. It’s vital to talk to them about what happened, as some individuals may not recall the seizure.

9. Seek Medical Assistance If Necessary

If it’s the person’s first seizure, if they have sustained an injury, or if they have difficulty breathing afterward, seek medical attention immediately. Additionally, if seizures occur in succession, seek help without delay.

Understanding seizure first aid can make a significant difference in managing the situation. Remember that your quick and calm reaction can help protect the individual and ensure their safety during and after a seizure event. Knowledge about the process and the appropriate first aid measures can empower you to act effectively when needed.