Grand mal seizures, also known as generalized tonic-clonic seizures, can be alarming and distressing for onlookers. Understanding how to perform first aid during such an event is crucial for the safety and well-being of the individual experiencing the seizure. This guide outlines the essential steps to take when someone has a grand mal seizure.

1. Stay Calm and Ensure Safety

When witnessing a grand mal seizure, the first step is to remain calm. Your composure can be reassuring to others and helps ensure a clear approach to assisting the individual. Make sure the surrounding area is safe: remove any nearby objects that could cause injury and gently guide the person away from hazardous areas, such as roads or sharp edges.

2. Timing is Key

Keep track of the duration of the seizure. Most grand mal seizures last between one to three minutes. If the seizure exceeds five minutes, this may indicate a medical emergency known as status epilepticus, and you should call emergency services immediately.

3. Position the Person

Help the individual by rolling them onto their side. This position can help prevent choking and keep the airway clear. It's important not to restrain their movements, as this can lead to injuries.

4. Protect Their Head

Place something soft, like a jacket or your hands, under the person's head to prevent injury. Avoid putting anything in their mouth; contrary to popular belief, doing so can lead to dental damage or choking.

5. Offer Comfort and Support

Once the seizure has ended, the individual may be disoriented, confused, or tired. Stay with them and offer reassurance. Talk to them calmly and allow them to rest. Offer water if they are alert and able to swallow. Avoid making sudden movements or loud noises that can startle them.

6. Stay with Them After the Seizure

After a grand mal seizure, the individual may not remember what happened and might feel fatigued or anxious. It's essential to stay with them until they are fully alert and aware. Monitor their breathing and consciousness, and provide support as needed.

7. Seek Medical Attention If Necessary

In some cases, it’s important to seek medical attention. If the person is injured, has difficulty breathing, or has multiple seizures without regaining consciousness in between, contact emergency services immediately. If this is the person's first seizure, recommend they see a healthcare provider.

Conclusion

Performing first aid during a grand mal seizure can make a significant difference in the individual's safety and recovery. By staying calm, ensuring safety, and providing the necessary assistance, you can help effectively support someone in need during this critical time. Proper training in first aid and awareness of seizure response protocols can also enhance your ability to assist effectively.